1To James Madison from Isaac Cox Barnet, 20 March 1801 (Madison Papers)
of the Chief Consul will perhaps now become auspicious to the French Navy and accelerate the General Peace which every nation has been so long impatiently waiting.
2To Thomas Jefferson from Joshua Barney, 5 June 1801 (Jefferson Papers)
(post captain) in the French Navy in 1795, but at the lowest tier of that rank. He resigned to take command of his own small privateer fleet, but then accepted a new French naval commission at the highest level of
3To James Madison from Joshua Barney, [4 August] 1801 (Madison Papers)
in the French navy, had already written Jefferson offering his services “in any manner you may be pleased to employ me.” Under new regulations excluding foreigners, he was pensioned by the French on 1 Jan. 1802 (Hulbert Footner,
4To Thomas Jefferson from Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 11 February 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
...only the Diciplin & Good order they kept on Board the President while in this Road or in this arcenal, was admired as well as the Frigate President, by all the chief officers of the French Navy of this Department, (who all did everything in their Power to assist and facilitate the Repairs of this Ship) but also the Constant assiduity of Commodore Dale & Capn. Barron in following the Dayly...
5To Thomas Jefferson from Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse, [16 February 1802] (Jefferson Papers)
Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse (1748–1812) joined the French navy as a volunteer in 1765. He became a rear admiral in 1793 and a vice admiral the following year. He commanded the flotilla for the expeditionary force sent to Saint-Domingue in 1801 and was captain general of Martinique...
6To James Madison from Tobias Lear, 22 March 1802 (Madison Papers)
Honoré-Joseph Ganteaume (1755–1818) went to sea at fourteen, served in the French navy under the comte d’Estaing during the American Revolution, and rose to the rank of admiral during the Napoleonic Wars. In January 1802 he left France as commander of a squadron of ships carrying arms to Saint-Domingue (...
7To Thomas Jefferson from John Vaughan, 8 May 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
by the Directory requiring foreigners to leave French ports, when the ministry sought to compare his method to one created by the Sieur Bouïbe and tested by the French navy in the 1780s. Citizen
8To Thomas Jefferson from John Vaughan, 8 June 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
& upon very moderate terms—The french Navy has adopted the principle, after a Variety of Experiments—An Idea prevailed at first that salt water could be made fresh, but it appeared to be illusory on further experiment—Distillation appears to be the only process to obtain...
9From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 27 August 1802 (Jefferson Papers)
...then expelled several thousand blacks and people of mixed race. Some rumors held that the deportees would be sent to work in the mines of Spanish America. According to one estimate, the French navy deposited about 2,000 of the exiles on the coast of Florida and eventually took about 1,000 others to Brest, France. French officials imposed harsh restrictions on people of color remaining in...
10John Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 26 September 1802 (Adams Papers)
, 8 Sept., printed reports that numerous battle-tested prisoners bent on rebellion had escaped the ships, adding, “Should they journey South they will be an unwelcome sample ‘of oppressed humanity.’” The French navy relocated around 2,000 of the exiles on the Florida coast and about 1,000 in Brest, France (Boston